At the silicon level by the manufacturer they are not meant to run on 5V, does not mean they won't, but for sure most will not.
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I had accidentally run one of my modules at 5 volts. And I was shocked that it did run. But since then I can't use SPIFFs. Maybe something happened to the flash chip, or maybe the cpu.
They are designed to operate within a specific voltage range. If you run them at a higher voltage one of the possible results is overheating of the silicon and damage may result.