I'm glad to announce that I improved an existing Dockerfile to get the toolchain for the ESP8266 SDK running in just a few simple steps. I documented everything here:
http://blog.squix.ch/2015/01/esp8266-using-docker-to-setup-build.html
and the Dockerfile is here:
https://github.com/squix78/esp8266-docker-buildbox
Docker lets you quickly create whole environments with a few lines of descriptive configuration. The tool chain container should run on Mac OS X, Windows and Linux. See the afore mentioned blog post to get Docker running on your system. I hope that someone will take this Dockerfile and create others from it, e.g. with updated SDKs or for other targets, like Ardunet, NodeMCU or NodeLua. Please feel free contribute!
Cheers,
squix