With exact same setup (same connections to nodemcu and sensor) but using SDK examples compiled on Eclipse, my sensor works perfectly.
I spent a few days going with a similar problem of wildly fluctuating temp/humidity readings from the sensors.
I bought two of them and both were all over the place.
It would work sometimes so I figured it must be the timings so I altered all sorts.
Then I realised the CPU could be set to either 80 or 160MHZ - I set it to 160MHZ using (in Lua):
node.setcpufreq(node.CPU160MHZ)
and it's been super stable ever since.
The timings for reading the sensor posted across the internet all assume a clockspeed of 160MHZ - give it a bash and let me know if it works..