Your problem is, as Sprite_tm says, probably the Same-Origin policy.
There are two ways to get around this.
The first one, Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, requires modification to the esp-httpd code so that it returns a Access-Control-Allow-Origin HTTP header.
The much simpler (in some respects) way to get around the SO policy is to use JSONP, which jQuery supports.
Either way, you'll have to change some code on the ESP8266.